Conveners
WG1: Solid State Detectors and ASICs
- Xuan Li (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
- Ulrich Heintz (faculty@brown.edu;member@brown.edu)
- Gabriella Carini
WG1: Solid State Detectors and ASICs
- Gabriella Carini
- Xuan Li (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
- Ulrich Heintz (faculty@brown.edu;member@brown.edu)
WG1: Solid State Detectors and ASICs
- Gabriella Carini
- Ulrich Heintz (faculty@brown.edu;member@brown.edu)
- Xuan Li (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
WG1: Solid State Detectors and ASICs
- Xuan Li (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
- Ulrich Heintz (faculty@brown.edu;member@brown.edu)
- Gabriella Carini
WG1: Solid State Detectors and ASICs
- Xuan Li (Los Alamos National Laboratory)
- Gabriella Carini
- Ulrich Heintz (faculty@brown.edu;member@brown.edu)
Although SiPMs have become an attractive photodetector for LHC and future HL-LHC detector systems, the levels of radiation exposure (ie up to 2 e14 neq/cm^2 in the case of the CMS Barrel timing layer) have motivated significant R&D on mitigating the consequences of increased leakage current/Dark Counts. The challenge for signal processing is that ~GHz levels of Dark Counts result in a noise...
4H-Silicon Carbide, when considered as a material for the fabrication of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for particle timing and position measurement, offers potential advantages over Silicon, including faster response and higher temperature operation. We discuss an ongoing study of this material aimed at the fabrication and test of prototype fast timing sensors. Recently we have fabricated our...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are very thin silicon detectors with modest internal gain. LGADs are characterized by an extremely good time resolution (down to 17ps), a fast rise time (~500ps for 50 µm thickness) and a very high repetition rate (~1ns full charge collection). In a broad array of fields, including particle physics (4-D tracking) and photon science (X-ray imaging), LGADs...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC), the next Nuclear Physics flagship facility, will be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory over the next decade. The EPIC detector will be the first experiment at the EIC dedicated to detailed studies of the structure of nucleons and nuclei in electron-proton and electron-ion collisions.
The ambitious physics program of the EIC requires hermetic...
Precise timing information will play a critical role in the performance of future tracking detectors and currently poses a profound challenge to their development. Tracking detectors capable of achieving 5-25 ps timing resolution and 5-30 μm position resolution are needed for many proposed future colliders. The new technology of AC-coupled LGADs has been demonstrated as a good candidate for...
The detectors at future e+e- linear colliders will need unprecedented precision on Higgs physics measurements. These ambitious physics goals translate into very challenging detector requirements on tracking and calorimetry. High precision and low mass trackers, as well as highly granular calorimeters, will be critical for the success of the physics program. To develop the next generation of...
The General Antiparticle Spectrometer (GAPS) is the first experiment optimized to identify low-energy (≤0.25 GeV/n) cosmic antinuclei, in particular antideuterons from dark matter annihilation or decay. Using a novel detection approach which relies on exotic atom formation and decay, the GAPS program will deliver an unprecedented sensitivity to cosmic antideuterons, an essentially...
We are introducing a new detector concept that we are labeling Array of Saturated-Gain Avalanche Diode (ASGAD) for the detection of charged particles and individual scattering processes associated with neutrons and possible “dark matter” particles. This concept leverages recent progress in the development of the photon to digital converter technology under the leadership of the Universite de...
The upgrade of the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will increase the luminosity of the LHC by a factor of 10. Therefore, fast timing detectors with high radiation tolerance are required. Low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are promising candidates with timing resolutions within tens of picoseconds. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) and...
The ATLAS experiment is currently preparing for an upgrade of the inner tracking detector for High-Luminosity LHC. The new tracker, ITk, employs an all-silicon detector with outer Strip layers. The building block of the ITk Strip barrel is the stave which consists of a low-mass support structure hosting the common electrical, optical and cooling services as well as 28 silicon modules. Half of...
This project, which is part of RD50, focuses on the investigation of trap energy levels introduced by radiation damage in epitaxial p-type silicon. Using 6-inch wafers of various boron doping concentrations (1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, and 1e17 cm$^{-3}$) with a 50 µm epitaxial layer, multiple iterations of test structures consisting of Schottky and pn-junction diodes of different sizes and...
Silicon sensors in particle physics experiments like those at the Large Hadron Collider must be able to withstand extreme radiation doses. 3D sensor technology is one of the most promising radiation-hard silicon detector technologies. 3D sensors are currently used in the ATLAS detector, but even more radiation-hard sensors must be developed for future collider experiments. Characterization...
The Skipper-in-CMOS Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is an image sensor prototype fabricated in a 180nm CMOS imaging process and intended for a wide range of scientific applications such as low-mass dark matter searches, deep measurement of dark energy and dark matter signatures or single-photon quantum sensing.
The goal of this prototype is to integrate the...
Understanding the particle nature of dark matter, which makes up approximately 85\% of the matter content in the universe, remains one of the biggest open questions in the fields of particle physics and cosmology. After decades of null results in searches for weakly interacting massive dark matter candidates, experimental and theoretical efforts have shifted towards lighter mass dark matter...
The charge sharing between neighboring pixels in pixelated sensors
can be used to measure particle or x-ray coordinates with accuracy better than the pixel pitch.
The accurate model of the charge distribution shape is essential to achieve ultimate coordinate accuracy.
The charge sharing is caused by charge carriers diffusion on the path from the generation point to pixels.
This paper is...
Overview of the "Co-design and integration of nano-sensors on CMOS" project of the Microelectronics Co-Design Research DOE program. This is a 3-year multi-disciplinary development. The aim is to produce a demonstrator device using a pixellated CMOS ASIC as a back end upon which nano-materials are deposited to achieve single photon detection at LN2 or higher temperature, with high quantum...
Front-End Evaluation for Pixelated Liquid-Argon Particle Detectors
The physics reach and performance of high energy physics experiments based on multi-kiloton scale noble element time projection chambers, could benefit significantly from the development of a pixellated, large scale low power readout electronics.
As part of the Q-Pix collaboration, we investigated a low power front-end...
We present a time-to-digital converter (TDC) that simultaneously achieves very low power and picosecond timing resolution when operated in a cryogenic (4K) environment. Such a TDC is an enabling technology for quantum secure direct communications which require high bandwidth time-correlated single photon counting. The proposed TDC uses a two-step architecture in which the input time delay is...
The Skipper CCD-in-CMOS Parallel Read-Out Circuit (SPROCKET) is a mixed-signal front end design for the readout of Skipper CCD-in-CMOS image sensors. SPROCKET is fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process and each pixel occupies a 45µm × 45µm footprint. SPROCKET is intended to be heterogeneously integrated with a Skipper-in-CMOS sensor array, such that one readout pixel is connected to a multiplexed...
We present our design experience of a prototype System-on-Chip (SoC) for machine learning applications that run in a cryogenic environment to evaluate the performance of the digital backend flow. We combined two established open-source projects (ESP and HLS4ML) into a new system-level design flow to build and program the SoC. In the modular tile-based architecture, we integrated a low-power...
The MIDNA series of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) are cryogenic skipper-CCD readout chips fabricated in a 65 nm LP CMOS process and intended for the OSCURA dark matter detection project. Each MIDNA ASIC integrates four front-end channels designed to interface with four of the 4000 skipper-CCDs that make a 28 gigapixel dark matter detection camera. Each channel is less than...
The ROADS (Readout of Analog Data Simultaneously) effort at Fermilab is a collaboration with Microsoft Quantum. The goal is to advance the state-of-the-art in cryogenic electronics for quantum computing applications, especially in highly scaled systems. The design objectives center around the development of a high-speed, high-linearity analog-to-digital converter (ADC) as part of a fully...
Ptychography is a technique for imaging an object by reconstructing the diffraction of coherent photons. By measuring these diffraction patterns across the whole of the object, small-scale structures can be reconstructed. In pixel detectors used for these measurements, the maximum frame rate is often limited by the rate at which data can be transferred off the device. In this talk, we will...
Lab-scale optical atomic clocks have achieved absolute inaccuracy below the 10^(-18) level, a precision expected to allow beyond-standard-model physics searches with improved sensitivity. Space-based constellations of optical atomic clocks, if they can be made to reach similar precision, have the potential to detect ultra-light dark matter under multiple scenarios. The integration of...
PSD_CHIP_V2 is a prototype ASIC that incorporates several features for fast neutron and gamma detection including pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability, fast time resolution, on-chip integration of total energy, flexibility using programmable registers, low power usage, and scalability. Designed specifically for readout of SensL SiPMs, which have two coupled outputs - a capacitively...
The Endcap Timing ReadOut Chip (ETROC) is designed to process LGAD signals with time resolution down to about 40-50ps per hit, in order to reach 30-35ps per track with two detector layers. The most critical element of the ETROC is the analog front-end, namely the preamplifier and the discriminator and the TDC. The challenge here is to reach this level of time resolution while keeping the power...
We propose to develop a pathfinder multichannel chip using a modern CMOS process to demonstrate large channel count and scalable multi-buffered readout with sub-psec timing resolution. The development will address the important challenges of calibration, stability and power density that will need to be overcome to create a robust detector system for particle physics experiments in HEP and NP...
There are three basic elements in every semiconductor radiation detector: the sensor, the readout chip front-end, and readout chip back-end. To achieve the best possible performance, each of these components must interoperate with each other as well as be optimized within its structure. While sensors and front-end components are often tailored to a specific application, and are relying on the...
