Efficient quantum control is necessary for practical quantum computing implementations with current technologies. However, conventional algorithms for determining optimal control parameters are computationally expensive, mainly excluding them from use outside of the simulation. Furthermore, existing hardware solutions structured as lookup tables are imprecise and costly. A more efficient...
Recent advances in photonic and radiation sensors and detectors has allowed high quality and high
timing resolution measurements of phenomena related to high energy physics, nuclear physics and
astro- particle physics experiments. Examples of such sensors include silicon photomultipliers (SiPM),
multi-channel plate photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs), large area picosecond photo...
The scintillation, ionization, and electroluminescence properties of liquid argon are substantially modified by the addition of small quantities of xenon in a way that benefits many experiments. The resulting target medium retains the low cost and light nuclear mass of argon needed for large neutrino CENS and dark matter experiments. Maintaining a stable mixture suitable for particle...
Modern high energy and nuclear physics experiments generate massive (and steadily increasing) amounts of real-time data, much of which cannot be acquired and processed online and is thus discarded using a variety of hardware triggering schemes. This situation is not optimal since the triggering logic is based on established signal models and may discard unexpected signals (some of which may...
We are going to discuss the CYGNO/INITIUM experiment, a recent Dark Matter (DM) project focused on developing a new and innovative approach for directional DM searches: a high precision, optically readout, 3D tracking gaseous Time Projection Chamber. The searches will focus on the detection of low mass (0.5-50 GeV) WIMPS and, eventually, solar neutrino spectroscopy. For its detection medium,...
Xenon and argon are widely used target media for low cross-section experiments including neutrino physics and dark matter searches. Xenon-doping of dual phase argon time projection chambers (TPCs) at the O(1%) level may enable these technologies to reach unprecedented sensitivity limits. However, the large temperature discrepancy between the argon and xenon boiling points can produce...
The current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced with a new all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk) to cope with the high-density environment during High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC). The innermost part of the ITk will comprise a state-of-the-art pixel detector. The individual modules of the Inner Tracker pixel detector incorporate silicon sensors using diverse technologies, with the sensors readout using...
The wire-bond between the silicon sensor and the circuit board is the primary mode to collect the signal in many silicon detectors. Hence, the clean and unbroken bond is one of the vital demands in the silicon module during construction. Each of these bond holes needs to be inspected at least three times during the assembly i.e., before and after wire-bonding, and after encapsulation....
Gas Electron Multipliers are recently being used in Time Projection Chamber in ALICE and upcoming sPHENIX experiments. The backwards-drifting Ions , known as Ion Back Flow (IBF) in GEM detectors are undesirable for TPC operation because they distort the uniform electric field in the detector gas volume and hence introducing larger uncertainty in tracking charged particles. For particle...
If neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) is not observed in the upcoming generation of ton-scale detectors, future detectors at the kiloton-scale may be required to probe the majority of the remaining parameter space for the decay. Gas or liquid phase xenon time projection chambers (TPCs) provide a possible path to reaching $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life sensitivities as long as...
Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) are world-leading detectors for time-resolved single photon counting from the UV to the infrared. We will survey the latest progress in the field of SNSPDs, and discuss recent progress as a community in reducing the energy threshold (as low as 70 meV), increasing the active area (to the 1 mm 2 scale and beyond), and reducing the dark...
The sPHENIX experiment at RHIC will be starting its operations in early 2023. It is designed to study heavy ion and proton-proton collisions by measuring hard QCD processes. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used in the sPHENIX detector as one of the main tracking detectors. The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is used in the sPHENIX detector as one of the main tracking detectors. It is...
Sub-eV threshold particle detectors are an area of burgeoning interest, driven in part by needing to probe the increasingly theoretically relevant sub-GeV mass dark matter parameter space. One promising technology to use is Quantum Capacitance Detectors (QCDs), which are superconducting quantum mechanical circuitry that have heritage in the quantum computing world. QCDs have been demonstrated...
The sPHENIX experiment at RHIC requires a high resolution tracking detector in order to
distinguish different states of the Upsilon meson to study the evolution of quark gluon plasma
(QGP). A Time Projection Chamber (TPC) will serve as a main tracking detector for this measurement. The sPHENIX TPC uses a stack of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) as a gain stage
in a reduced ion back-flow...
A vast body of astrophysical and cosmological observations point at the existence of Dark Matter (DM). A well motivated DM candidate is a weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP, a thermal relic of the Big Bang, which has sub-electroweak-scale self-annihilation cross section and mass up the TeV/c$^2$-range. The motion of galactic halo WIMPs relative to a detector on Earth could result in...
The Quantum Capacitance Detector (QCD) is a high-sensitivity direct detector under development for low background applications such as far-infrared spectroscopy from a cold space telescope. The QCD has demonstrated an optically-measured noise equivalent power of 2x10-20 W⋅Hz1/2 at 1.5 THz, making it among the most sensitive far-infrared (IR) detectors systems ever demonstrated. It has...
(on behalf of DUNE PhotonDetector Consortium)
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is currently investigating a new prototype design for its second Far Detector module. The new concept proposes a Vertical Drift (VD) LArTPC, with a cathode at mid-height in the detector and anodes made of printed circuit boards (PCB), located at the top and bottom of the detector volume. The photon...
Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors (SNSPDs) have rapidly emerged as a leading detector type for time-correlated single photon counting from the UV to the near-infrared. Due to their unique combination of low energy thresholds and low intrinsic dark count rates, SNSPDs have become attractive as sensors in novel experiments that seek to probe the poorly explored sub-GeV dark matter...
The sPHENIX detector is under assembly at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. It will be commissioned for data taking in 2023. It will focus on measuring jets as well as open and hidden heavy flavor production in heavy ion collisions to study the properties of the Quark Gluon Plasma.
A robust and efficient calibration of the constituting detectors...
The future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) will collide polarized electrons with polarized proton/ions. The electron Proton and Ion Collider (ePIC) detector is being designed as the day one EIC detector. The EIC physics program requires precision tracking and PID capabilities that extend over a large kinematic acceptance. Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detectors...
Multiple mechanisms allow energy accumulation in materials and delayed releases. Interactions between excitations, defects, or other configurations carrying excess energy can lead to correlated energy releases and phenomena like self-organization in systems with energy flow. Exact modeling of these phenomena is often impossible because of insufficient knowledge of interactions. Comparison and...
The phenomena of transition radiation has been used successfully in several High Energy experiments to discriminate particles with different values of $\gamma$= E/mc$^{2}$ . Traditionally multiwire proportional chambers (MWPC) , longitudinal drift chamber (DC) or straw tubes are being used for Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) which themselves suffer from low rate. Replacing these older...
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) are the baseline option as the photodetector technology for the dual-radiator Ring-Imaging Cherenkov (dRICH) detector at the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) in the Electron-Proton/Ion Collider experiment (EPIC). A SiPM-based readout offers important advantages being cheap devices, highly efficient and insensitive to high magnetic field (~ 1 T at the expected...
Although SiPMs have become an attractive photodetector for LHC and future HL-LHC detector systems, the levels of radiation exposure (ie up to 2 e14 neq/cm^2 in the case of the CMS Barrel timing layer) have motivated significant R&D on mitigating the consequences of increased leakage current/Dark Counts. The challenge for signal processing is that ~GHz levels of Dark Counts result in a noise...
Advances in additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as 3D printing, can provide an attractive solution for addressing the instrumentation needs for the next generation of HEP experiments. Benefits of AM methods include production of low radioactivity components as well as enabling new geometries and multi-material compositions. These simples to highly complex geometries may be...
4H-Silicon Carbide, when considered as a material for the fabrication of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for particle timing and position measurement, offers potential advantages over Silicon, including faster response and higher temperature operation. We discuss an ongoing study of this material aimed at the fabrication and test of prototype fast timing sensors. Recently we have fabricated our...
Hybrid neutrino detectors, capable of leveraging both Cherenkov and scintillation signals simultaneously, have the potential to revolutionize the field of low- and high-energy neutrino detection, offering unprecedented event imaging capabilities and resulting background rejection. These performance characteristics would substantially increase sensitivity to a broad program of fundamental...
The Light-only Liquid Xenon (LoLX) experiment is designed to study the properties of light emission and transport in liquid xenon (LXe) using Hamamatsu VUV4 Silicon Photo Multiplier (SiPM) modules. LoLX is also being used to investigate the timing structures of scintillation and Cherenkov light production in LXe and provide a better understanding of the effects of external cross-talk between...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are very thin silicon detectors with modest internal gain. LGADs are characterized by an extremely good time resolution (down to 17ps), a fast rise time (~500ps for 50 µm thickness) and a very high repetition rate (~1ns full charge collection). In a broad array of fields, including particle physics (4-D tracking) and photon science (X-ray imaging), LGADs...
We have used the TOPAS Geant4-based package to write a parametric simulation of the pattern recognition and image reconstruction of a whole-body TOF-PET camera employing a liquid scintillator with low atomic number (Z) as the active medium rather than conventional high-Z crystals, and with large-area MCP-based photodetectors for determination of Time-of-Flight. For 511 keV gamma rays Compton...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC), the next Nuclear Physics flagship facility, will be constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory over the next decade. The EPIC detector will be the first experiment at the EIC dedicated to detailed studies of the structure of nucleons and nuclei in electron-proton and electron-ion collisions.
The ambitious physics program of the EIC requires hermetic...
The DarkSide program aims to a WIMP direct detection using a dual phase argon time projection chamber. The next generation experiment, DS-20k, will be a detector in excess of 20 tonnes of fiducial mass. A pivotal aspect to the sensitivity of the experiment is its light detection technology. The DarkSide collaboration decided to adopt a new family of photo-sensors called Silicon...
Precise timing information will play a critical role in the performance of future tracking detectors and currently poses a profound challenge to their development. Tracking detectors capable of achieving 5-25 ps timing resolution and 5-30 μm position resolution are needed for many proposed future colliders. The new technology of AC-coupled LGADs has been demonstrated as a good candidate for...
The detectors at future e+e- linear colliders will need unprecedented precision on Higgs physics measurements. These ambitious physics goals translate into very challenging detector requirements on tracking and calorimetry. High precision and low mass trackers, as well as highly granular calorimeters, will be critical for the success of the physics program. To develop the next generation of...
The MIP Timing Detector (MTD) is a new detector being developed for the CMS upgrade for the High-Luminosity LHC era. The detector will bring the capability of precisely measuring the production time of particles produced in proton-proton collisions. In particular, the MTD will allow for the disentangling of the estimated 200 nearly simultaneous pileup vertices occurring in the interaction...
Following the priority research directions documented in the 2019 DOE Basic Research Needs Study on Instrumentation [1] for future HEP calorimetry novel inorganic scintillators are under development at the Caltech Crystal Lab. They are radiation hard LYSO:Ce crystals and LuAG:Ce ceramics, ultrafast BaF2:Y crystals and Lu2O3:Y ceramics, and cost-effective heavy scintillating crystals and...
A metalens is an emerging type of flat optical metamaterial that presents several advantages over a traditional lens, such as reduced cost and reduced bulkiness. We developed a set of software tools and fabrication procedures for the rapid development and characterization of new metalens designs. A large field-of-view centimeter-scale metalens was fabricated, and its performance compared with...
The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment recently announced its first, world-leading exclusion limits in the search for WIMP dark matter, with spin-independent and spin-dependent results. These results are supported by high-statistic, high-quality calibrations. For electron recoils, tritiated methane is used to produce beta decays up to 18.6 keV, Rn-220 for energies out to 100+ keV, and Kr83m and...
Improved quantum sensing of photons from astronomical objects could provide high resolution observations in the optical benefiting numerous fields in astrophysics and cosmology. It has been recently proposed that stations in optical interferometers would not require a phase-stable optical link if instead sources of quantum-mechanically entangled pairs could be provided to them, enabling...
The LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) experiment is a direct detection dark matter experiment that uses a dual-phase time-projection chamber (TPC) containing 7 tonnes of active xenon with a 5.6 tonne fiducial volume. In LZ, precision nuclear recoil (NR) calibrations are critical to understanding the signal response of dark matter interactions with the liquid xenon inside the detector. Monoenergetic 2.45 MeV...
The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will be an experimental facility to explore the gluons in nucleons and nuclei, shedding light on their structure and the interactions within. Physics goals, detector requirements, and technologies at the EIC are outlined and discussed in the EIC community White Paper and Yellow Report. In particular, for the barrel electromagnetic calorimetry, the electron...
Long baseline atom interferometry offers new opportunities to expand the search for ultra-light dark matter, mid-band gravitational waves, and very weakly-coupled fifth forces. In this context, we developed a novel light-field imaging system that captures multiple views of an atom cloud with a single shot while also maximizing light collection. This enables a single-shot, 3D tomographic...
Silicon PhotoMultipliers (SiPMs) are increasingly used in next-generation, large area particle physics experiments to achieve single-photon resolution [1, 2, 3]. An array of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) within the SiPM reacts to incident photons through an avalanche process that creates a measurable current flow. This avalanche process generates secondary photons which must be...
The QSNET consortium is building a network of next-generation atomic and molecular clocks that will achieve unprecedented sensitivity to variations of the fine structure constant, α, and the electron-to- proton mass ratio, μ. Variations in α can arise in a wide range of theories that extend the standard model, and constrain a wide range of models of ultra-light dark matter. An outline of the...
Liquid argon (LAr) is widely used as a detector medium to image particle interactions from the keV to GeV scale in searches for rare processes and measurements of neutrino interactions. Furthermore, a vibrant R&D community is active in developing scalable LAr detectors with lower thresholds and fine granularity. One such effort, LArCADe, intends to explore the feasibility of charge...
Distributed quantum sensing promises paths to accelerate the development of time synchronization [1], sensing capabilities of gravity gradients and magnetic fields [2], and to advance the search of new physics [3,4]. Classical networks of magnetometers are already in place for the search of dark matter axions [5]. However, it is still an open question how to best entangle a large network of...
Non-destructive readout capability of the Skipper Charge Coupled Device (CCD) has been proven to be a powerful technique to reduce the noise limitation of conventional silicon devices even to levels that allow single-photon or single-electron counting. The noise reduction is achieved by spending extra time taking several measurements of the same pixel charge. The technique requires minimal...
The Electron Ion Collider (EIC) is the next Nuclear Physics flagship experiment to be constructed at Brookhaven National Lab over the next decade. The EPIC detector will be the first experiment at the EIC dedicated to detailed studies of nuclear structure in electron-proton and electron-ion collisions.
The ambitious physics program of the EIC requires a high performance hadronic...
We have a history of dark matter searches with noble liquids dual-phase detectors with an increasing track of observed condensed matter effects and contradictions that are yet unresolved. By attempting to establish correspondence with results and trends observed in low-temperature helium physics, we come up with a hypothesizes that the accumulation of unextracted electrons on the liquid-gas...
A high-granularity calorimeter insert based on SiPM-on-tile technology for the EIC
One of the key requirements for EIC detectors is to have tracking and full calorimetry up to $\eta$=4.0. The forward region (3<$\eta$<4) poses multiple challenges, including those arising from the EIC beam-crossing angle. We present a design for a calorimeter insert (CALI) that is based on the SiPM-on-tile...
Time-domain triggering on a raw stream of data, where the triggering is generally threshold-based or randomly acquired, is critical for many scientific applications from rare-event searches to condensed matter system characterization to high-rate high-energy physics experiments. Generic data acquisition (DAQ) systems that quickly and efficiently process such data are thus necessary for...
We propose the crystalline xenon time projection chamber(TPC) as a promising novel technology for next-generation dark matter search. We expect it to exclude and tag radon-chain backgrounds while maintaining the instrumental benefits of liquid xenon TPC. We have built and successfully operated a crystalline/vapor dual-phase xenon TPC in Berkeley Lab. This talk will discuss its instrumental...
(for the PICOSEC Collaboration)
PICOSEC was launched as an RD51 "common project" in 2015 with the goal of providing a cost effective, robust solution to charged particle and photon timing for applications with modest track densities. For instance, this is meant to address the "barrel" coverage in future collider experiments at eIC or FCC-ee. In the past year our collaboration has demonstrated...
During the next collisions runs, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will deliver instantaneous luminosity in the range 5 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ to 7 $\times$ 10$^{34}$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, up to 7 times higher than the nominal value. To cope with the higher background rates and to improve the trigger capabilities in the forward region, the muon system of the Compact Muon Solenoid...
The Scintillating Bubble Chamber (SBC) collaboration will combine the well-established liquid argon and bubble chamber technologies to search for GeV-scale dark matter and the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering from MeV reactor neutrinos. SBC detectors benefit from the excellent electron-recoil insensitivity inherent in bubble chambers with the addition of energy reconstruction...
The upgrade of the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will increase the luminosity of the LHC by a factor of 10. Therefore, fast timing detectors with high radiation tolerance are required. Low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are promising candidates with timing resolutions within tens of picoseconds. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. (HPK) and...
The main goals of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) are to measure CP violation in the lepton sector, make precise measurements of neutrino oscillation parameters, observe supernova burst neutrinos, and detect rare processes such as proton decay. To fulfill these goals, DUNE will use a highly capable suite of near detectors. Among the components of the DUNE Near Detector complex...
The ATLAS experiment is currently preparing for an upgrade of the inner tracking detector for High-Luminosity LHC. The new tracker, ITk, employs an all-silicon detector with outer Strip layers. The building block of the ITk Strip barrel is the stave which consists of a low-mass support structure hosting the common electrical, optical and cooling services as well as 28 silicon modules. Half of...
Modern-day particle and astro-particle physics experiments call for detectors with increasingly higher imaging resolution to be deployed in often inaccessible, remote locations, e.g., deep underground, or in-flight on balloons or satellites. The inherent limitations in available on-detector power and computational resources, combined with the need to operate these detectors continually, which...
The snowball chamber is analogous to the bubble and cloud chambers in that it relies on a phase transition, but it is new to high-energy particle physics. The concept of the snowball chamber relies on supercooled water (or a noble element, for scintillation for energy reconstruction), which can remain metastable for long time periods in a sufficiently clean and smooth container (on the level...
A next-generation rare pion decay experiment, PIONEER at the Paul Scherrer Institute, is strongly motivated by several inconsistencies between Standard Model (SM) predictions and data pointing towards the potential violation of lepton flavor universality. It aims to measure the difference between decay of pion into electron and muon with a precision of 1 part in 10^4 to study lepton flavor...
This project, which is part of RD50, focuses on the investigation of trap energy levels introduced by radiation damage in epitaxial p-type silicon. Using 6-inch wafers of various boron doping concentrations (1e13, 1e14, 1e15, 1e16, and 1e17 cm$^{-3}$) with a 50 µm epitaxial layer, multiple iterations of test structures consisting of Schottky and pn-junction diodes of different sizes and...
nEXO is a next-generation neutrinoless double-beta decay experiment that is searching for this decay in 5-tonnes of liquid xenon (LXe) enriched in the isotope 136Xe. Silicon-photomultipliers have been selected to measure the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) scintillation light from interactions within the LXe. Although candidate SiPMs from Hamamatsu (HPK) and FBK have been characterised within the...
The Level-1 trigger of the CMS experiment at the LHC uses custom hardware processors to select up to 100 kHz of interesting events out of a possible 40 MHz. Correct measurement of the transverse momentum of particles is crucial to correctly identify which events to keep. This task is particularly challenging in the endcaps of the CMS experiment due to the non-uniform magnetic field, reduced...
Silicon sensors in particle physics experiments like those at the Large Hadron Collider must be able to withstand extreme radiation doses. 3D sensor technology is one of the most promising radiation-hard silicon detector technologies. 3D sensors are currently used in the ATLAS detector, but even more radiation-hard sensors must be developed for future collider experiments. Characterization...
Projective readout technologies currently used in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers come with a set of challenges from the construction of the wire planes themselves to the continuous readout of the system required to accomplish the physics goals of proton decay searches and supernova neutrino sensitivity. Additionally, the reconstruction techniques required for these projective readouts...
A number of low mass dark matter direct detection experiments have observed an excess rate of events, rising sharply below energies of around 100 eV. A similar source of background energy has been observed to shorten the coherence time of superconducting quantum bits by creating excess quasiparticles in the qubit circuit. The relaxation of stress in detector materials has been shown to cause...
Research at the frontier of particle physics often requires the search for phenomena of extremely low probability of occurrence, the so called "rare events". Under this category falls the search for the hypothetical particles potentially composing the mysterious dark matter (DM) of the Universe, like e.g. the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) or the axions. Being low energy events...
BREAD is a broadband search for axions, axion-like particles, and other wave dark matter in the $1 \ \mu \mathrm{eV}$ to $1 \ \mathrm{eV}$ range using a reflector which can fit inside high-field solenoidal magnets. This talk will focus on the hardware developments for gigaBREAD, a room temperature, gigahertz frequency search for the dark photon and our first test of the BREAD reflector...
Diode detectors for photons and photon energy use Si, Ge and many others. For very low energy photons, Si(Ge) pair energy Ep=3.6 eV(2.98eV) are too large for many applications. Semiconductor materials used for vacuum photocathodes have much lower Ep: Cs3Sb (S-11)~2eV pair energy; Cs-Ag-O (S-1) averaged pair energy/work function Ep=0.7 eV, and studies have shown that in small patches that the...
The Skipper-in-CMOS Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) is an image sensor prototype fabricated in a 180nm CMOS imaging process and intended for a wide range of scientific applications such as low-mass dark matter searches, deep measurement of dark energy and dark matter signatures or single-photon quantum sensing.
The goal of this prototype is to integrate the...
SBND is the near detector of the Short Baseline Neutrino program at Fermilab. Its near location (110 m) to the neutrino source and relatively large mass (112 ton active volume) will allow studying neutrino interactions on argon with unprecedented precision.
This talk focuses on the SBND Photon Detection System. It represents a major R&D opportunity for the LArTPC technology. Its design is a...
Developments over the last decade have pushed the search for particle dark matter to new frontiers, including the keV-scale lower mass limit for thermally-produced dark matter. Galactic dark matter at this mass is kinematically matched with the energy needed to break a Cooper pair (~meV), making quantum sensors ideally-suited for dark matter detection applications. At Fermilab, we are...
Here we describe the physics behind the pixel based accelerated aging method of the microchannel plate-photomultiplier tubes (MCP-PMTs) developed at the University of Texas at Arlington. In this fast lifetime testing method, a highly localized region of the MCP-PMT is exposed to photons at a high repetition rate. The pixel-based testing method was inspired by our previous research that has...
Understanding the particle nature of dark matter, which makes up approximately 85\% of the matter content in the universe, remains one of the biggest open questions in the fields of particle physics and cosmology. After decades of null results in searches for weakly interacting massive dark matter candidates, experimental and theoretical efforts have shifted towards lighter mass dark matter...
The characterization and minimization of backgrounds from primordial radionuclides and their long-lived progeny is critical to accurately simulate background and achieve sufficient signal-to-noise for a detection in rare-event physics detectors, like direct detection of dark matter and neutrinoless double beta decay investigations. Current inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry assay...
The charge sharing between neighboring pixels in pixelated sensors
can be used to measure particle or x-ray coordinates with accuracy better than the pixel pitch.
The accurate model of the charge distribution shape is essential to achieve ultimate coordinate accuracy.
The charge sharing is caused by charge carriers diffusion on the path from the generation point to pixels.
This paper is...
Dark photons and axions can be converted to photons at the interface between dielectrics with different indices of refraction. Dielectric haloscopes take advantage of this by using stacks of dielectric layers with alternating indices of refraction to boost the photon generation rate from the dark sector [1]. Recent proof-of-concept results from the LAMPOST experiment at MIT [2] and the MuDHI...
Two important limitations hinder searches for low-mass dark matter and the reactor neutrino coherent scattering: Backgrounds and the threshold. SuperCDMS experiment is addressing both challenges by using two complementary and different technologies. Using simultaneous ionization and phonon measurement, SuperCDMS gains even-by-event background discrimination and addresses the backgorund...
In this talk I will present my most recent results of single photoelectron detection with an Incom Inc. LAPPD (LAPPD 38). The single photoelectron signal is used to determine the characteristic dependence of gain on MCP and photocathode voltages. It is also used to calibrate the LAPPD in units of number of photoelectrons for Cherenkov light detection.
I will also discuss my incipient work on...
Line-intensity mapping (LIM) at millimeter wavelengths is a powerful emerging probe of the large-scale structure of the Universe, but achieving meaningful constraints on cosmological parameters with LIM requires focal planes with orders of magnitudes more detectors than existing instruments. SPT-SLIM is an upcoming experiment to demonstrate LIM observations of CO at 0.5 < z < 2.0 using on-chip...
Overview of the "Co-design and integration of nano-sensors on CMOS" project of the Microelectronics Co-Design Research DOE program. This is a 3-year multi-disciplinary development. The aim is to produce a demonstrator device using a pixellated CMOS ASIC as a back end upon which nano-materials are deposited to achieve single photon detection at LN2 or higher temperature, with high quantum...
The BREAD(Broadband Reflector Experiment for Axion Detection) experiment searches for axions and wave-like dark matter using a novel dish resonator which allows to utilize state-of-the-art high-field solenoidal magnets. The axion target mass extends from ~𝜇eV to eV, this large mass range makes it difficult to scale traditional resonator setups to the required volume. However, metallic surfaces...
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering (CEvNS) offers a new avenue in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet neutrino experiment aims to detect CEvNS at the Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL) nuclear reactor. One of the two cryogenic detector arrays employs a modular TES (Transition Edge Sensor) based readout strategy. This poster will introduce the latest measurement...
Front-End Evaluation for Pixelated Liquid-Argon Particle Detectors
The physics reach and performance of high energy physics experiments based on multi-kiloton scale noble element time projection chambers, could benefit significantly from the development of a pixellated, large scale low power readout electronics.
As part of the Q-Pix collaboration, we investigated a low power front-end...
The HeRALD experiment uses the unique properties of superfluid $^4$He to study dark matter-nucleon scattering in the sub-GeV mass range. In particular, HeRALD uses quantum evaporation from vibrational quasiparticles as well as singlet and triplet electronic excitations to determine the energy and nature of particle interaction in the detector. In this talk I will present progress towards the...
Liquid xenon time projection chambers are promising detectors to search for neutrinoless double beta decay (0$\nu \beta \beta$), due to their response uniformity, monolithic sensitive volume, scalability to large target masses, and suitability for extremely low background operations. The nEXO collaboration has designed a five-tonne time projection chamber that aims to search for 0$\nu \beta...
Highly granular pixel detectors allow for increasingly precise measurements of charged particle tracks, both in space and time. A reduction in pixel size by a factor of four in next-generation detectors will lead to unprecedented data rates, exceeding those foreseen at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Signal processing within one bunch crossing clock cycle and smart data reduction...
Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification, providing time resolution of <20 ps for minimum ionizing particles. LGADs are the key silicon sensor technology for the timing detectors of the CMS and ATLAS experiments in the High-Luminosity LHC. In addition, their fast rise time and short full charge collection time (as low as 1 ns)...
Recoil-imaging gas TPCs with MPGD charge readout are promising detector candidates for directional dark matter searches beneath the neutrino fog. In a future directional dark matter detector, head/tail recognition efficiency is expected to be one of the most important performance metrics for using directionality to reject solar neutrino backgrounds and establish the galactic origin of dark...
We are conducting R&D on advanced calorimetry techniques based on scintillation and wavelength-shifting technologies and photosensor (SiPM and SiPM-like) technology. In particular, we are focusing our attention on ultra-compact radiation hard EM calorimeters, based on modular structures (RADiCAL modules) consisting of alternating layers of very dense absorber and scintillating plates, read out...
Calorimetry in high-radiation environments is particularly challenging. Examples
are forward regions of lepton and hadron collider-detectors. A viable choice is to construct a sampling calorimeter with radiation-hard active media. We have developed a radiation-hard, fast, robust and cost effective technique: secondary emission calorimetry(SE cal). Secondary emission from metal oxide films on...
Funded by its Office of the President, a consortium of University of California
affiliated institutions has been exploring the use of electronic-grade diamond
sensors for applications in extreme environments, including settings involving
high fluences of hadronic particles (in excess of 10^16 Neq/cm^2), high instantaneous flux (approaching 100 J / cm^2 of deposited energy) and/or high...
We present a novel methodology for application to neutron imaging detectors equipped with boron layers. State of the art boron coated neutron detectors are equipped with 10B films deposited on substrate plates with combined thickness larger than the range of the fission fragments emitted upon a neutron capture reaction. Since these fission fragments are emitted back-to-back, one of them (at...
Scintillation materials can convert high-energy rays into visible light. Generally, solid scintillator can be divided into crystal scintillator, plastic scintillator, glass scintillator and ceramic scintillator. Compared with crystal scintillators, the glass scintillator has many advantages, such as a simple preparation process, low cost, and continuously adjustable components. Therefore,...
We present our design experience of a prototype System-on-Chip (SoC) for machine learning applications that run in a cryogenic environment to evaluate the performance of the digital backend flow. We combined two established open-source projects (ESP and HLS4ML) into a new system-level design flow to build and program the SoC. In the modular tile-based architecture, we integrated a low-power...
Searches for sub-GeV dark matter direct detection have been dominated by dark matter electron scattering. However, an inelastic scattering process known as the "Migdal effect", in which an atomic electron is ionized during a nuclear recoil, has been shown to greatly enhance the sensitivity of nuclear recoil experiments to sub-GeV dark matter. In this talk an experimental strategy to calibrate...
Modern particle detectors based on liquid and gaseous argon are designed to detect scintillation light in vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) regime. It is known however, that luminescence at longer wavelengths takes place, in visible part of the spectrum and up to the near-infrared (NIR).
Studies of argon scintillation in various spectral ranges are being performed at Fermilab, specifically focused...
To maximise the physics reach of time projection chambers, it is vital that we have accurate knowledge of the transport properties of the ionisation electrons that drift through such detectors. One such property, ionisation electron diffusion, has typically been considered during detector design, with little attention given to its effects on high-level physics. This talk will provide a brief...
We will discuss recent progress in making sub-keV nuclear recoil calibrations practical in a university lab environment. First, we will describe a 124SbBe (gamma,n) neutron source in which a novel Fe shielding method suppresses the outgoing gamma flux while allowing the unmoderated escape of the 24keV neutrons. Second, we will describe a method to moderate and then filter neutrons from a...
The development of Water-based Liquid Scintillator (WbLS) for use in future particle physics experiments requires that a practical method be found for removing optical and radiological contaminants while not destroying the micelle-encapsulated LS. In addition, loading of some isotopes (e.g. Gd, Li, Te) may be desirable in order to expand the science scope of such detectors into solar physics...
The ROADS (Readout of Analog Data Simultaneously) effort at Fermilab is a collaboration with Microsoft Quantum. The goal is to advance the state-of-the-art in cryogenic electronics for quantum computing applications, especially in highly scaled systems. The design objectives center around the development of a high-speed, high-linearity analog-to-digital converter (ADC) as part of a fully...
The low energy program of next generation LArTPCs is currently expected to span a range of energies as low as 10s of MeV. LArTPC capabilities below 10 MeV could enable DUNE sensitivity to solar neutrinos and neutrino-less double-beta decay in addition to enhanced sensitivity to the supernova neutrino signals. We summarize the challenges of enhancing LArTPC sensitivities near 1 MeV and propose...
The high luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) will collide particles at unprecedented rates to search for new physics and make high precision measurements to challenge the standard model. The increase in granularity of the detectors and the background rates pose high demands for the materials of charged particle tracking detector support structures. Tracking detectors at current (and...
The Short Baseline Neutrino program in Fermilab's Booster Neutrino Beam will search for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with multiple detectors at different baselines locations. Located 110 meters downstream from the neutrino target, the Short Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will have an unprecedented rate of ~5000 neutrino interactions per day enabling a broad physics program that includes detailed...
Ptychography is a technique for imaging an object by reconstructing the diffraction of coherent photons. By measuring these diffraction patterns across the whole of the object, small-scale structures can be reconstructed. In pixel detectors used for these measurements, the maximum frame rate is often limited by the rate at which data can be transferred off the device. In this talk, we will...
Developing transition edge sensors (TES) with low energy thresholds is a central focus of the TESSERACT (TES with Sub-EV Resolution And Cryogenic Targets) project. The goal is to develop a TES-based sensor that can serve light dark matter experiments with different targets, including GaAs, Al2O3, SiO2, and superfluid helium. The sensor uses Aluminum (Al) collection films to convert athermal...
Lab-scale optical atomic clocks have achieved absolute inaccuracy below the 10^(-18) level, a precision expected to allow beyond-standard-model physics searches with improved sensitivity. Space-based constellations of optical atomic clocks, if they can be made to reach similar precision, have the potential to detect ultra-light dark matter under multiple scenarios. The integration of...
We present preliminary data from a laser-scanning microscopy-based technique for measuring 100µm-scale quasiparticle (QP) diffusion in superconducting Al films. QP are produced at a localized origin in the Al film using a focused 1550nm laser coupled to a single-mode optical fiber mounted on piezoelectric nanopositioners. The resulting QP propagation can then be monitored using a transition...
The experimental effort to detect neutrinoless double beta decay has shown numerous R&D advancements in the past several years. One of the R&D lines being explored in high pressure gas xenon detectors, such as those used by the NEXT experiment, is the utilization of a fast optical camera in order to digitize the tracking information. Another R&D line is tagging of the daughter Barium ion, from...
Demonstration of a highly efficient single ion barium tagging sensor could reduce backgrounds in searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) to negligible levels in ton to multi-ton scale experiments. The NEXT collaboration is pursuing a phased program to search for $0\nu \beta \beta$ using high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers. The implementation of single ion...
At present a single pixel or camera plane capable of detecting single photons with high dynamic range, time resolution approaching 10ps, and frame rates above 100’s MHz are unavailable. MicroChannel Plate (MCP) based imaging tubes or PMT have superior time resolution compared with PMT, and performance in magnetic fields due to secondary electrons with laterally confined paths to the anode. On...
PSD_CHIP_V2 is a prototype ASIC that incorporates several features for fast neutron and gamma detection including pulse shape discrimination (PSD) capability, fast time resolution, on-chip integration of total energy, flexibility using programmable registers, low power usage, and scalability. Designed specifically for readout of SensL SiPMs, which have two coupled outputs - a capacitively...
Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE$\nu$NS) offers a valuable approach in searching for physics beyond the Standard Model. The Ricochet neutrino experiment aims to perform a precision measurement of the CE$\nu$NS spectrum at the ILL nuclear reactor with cryogenic solid-state detectors. The experiment will employ an array of 36 detectors, each with a mass of around 30 g and a...
Several applications in High Energy Physics and Quantum Information require extending the spectral sensitivity of photon detectors at wavelengths in the IR spectral range beyond what is achievable with Si or Ge but maintaining high sensitivity. III-Vs semiconductors, PbSe/PbTe and InGaAs/AlGaAs have been dominating the scene, but they cannot be monolithically integrated on Si platform. We...
The Q-Pix concept (arXiv: 1809.10213) is a continuously integrating low-power charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) viewed by a Schmitt trigger. When the trigger threshold is met, the comparator initiates a ‘reset’ transition and returns the CSA circuitry to a stable baseline. This is the elementary Charge-Integrate / Reset (CIR) circuit. The instance of reset time is captured in a 32-bit clock...
Researchers at IHEP have conceived two types of MCP-PMTs for photon detection in particle physics. One is the 20-inch Large MCP-PMT (LPMT) with small MCP units in the large area PMTs for neutrino detection. This LPMT has already been mass-produced in more than 15K pieces in the JUNO experiment and has also been evaluated by the PMT group in LHAASO and HyperK. The other is the 2-inch Fast...
3D ionization information facilitates unambiguous mm-scale fine-tracking in high occupancy liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) environments. LArPix-v2 incorporates low-power 64-channel custom ASICs with a mixed-signal large-format printed circuit board for an unambiguous 3D charge-readout anode. With robust I/O and control architecture, a 10-by-10 array of ASICs instrument a...
As the search for dark matter moves toward the sub-GeV mass region and detecting energy depositions too small to create electron-hole pairs, phonon detection will play an increasingly important role. Phonon detection using transition-edge sensors (TESs), a thermal detector, has achieved baseline phonon resolutions as low as 2.65(2) eV in gram-scale targets and is on a trajectory to reach...
We propose to develop a pathfinder multichannel chip using a modern CMOS process to demonstrate large channel count and scalable multi-buffered readout with sub-psec timing resolution. The development will address the important challenges of calibration, stability and power density that will need to be overcome to create a robust detector system for particle physics experiments in HEP and NP...
Micro Channel Plate (MCP) Photomultiplier Tubes (MCP-PMTs) are photon detectors with many useful characteristics, such as high gain, single photon detection efficiency, precise timing resolution, and the capability of operating in strong magnetic fields without performance degradation. The quantum efficiency of the photocathode of the MCP-PMTs, however, is known to degrade due to “positive-ion...
There are three basic elements in every semiconductor radiation detector: the sensor, the readout chip front-end, and readout chip back-end. To achieve the best possible performance, each of these components must interoperate with each other as well as be optimized within its structure. While sensors and front-end components are often tailored to a specific application, and are relying on the...
New live-cell chemical imaging techniques became feasible due to the progress in superconducting quantum detectors. One can decompose IR radiation coming from the region of the single cell dimensions over 1000 or more spectral channels and timestamp IR photons arriving to the detector array with about 10 ps time resolution. This opens ways to use IR luminescence spectroscopy, which can be...
Future mm-wave cosmological surveys need mega-detector focal planes to confirm or rule out defining theories for the missing cornerstones of modern cosmology. Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) can straightforwardly scale to large-format detector arrays, including photometer arrays and on-chip filter-bank spectrometers. This talk will present a suite of optimization efforts toward...
The Short-Baseline Near Detector (SBND) will be one of three Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) neutrino detectors positioned along the axis of the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab, as part of the Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) Program. The detector has been recently is completed and is anticipated to begin operation in 2023. SBND will record over a million neutrino...
